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Hajji Mohammed Zaman (''Zaman Ghamsharik'') (29 April 1965 – 22 February 2010) was a Pashtun Afghan military leader and politician.〔 〕 He was an ethnic Pashtun, connected to the Khungani tribe. According to Maj. Dalton Fury,〔Fury, Dalton, ''Kill Bin Laden'', (St Martin's Press, NY: 2008) ISBN 0-312-38439-4 p 129 〕 who fought together with Ghamsharik in November/December 2001 in the Tora Bora campaign against the Taliban, Haji Zaman had been "one of the more infamous mujahideen junior commanders during the Soviet-Afg. War. When the Tailban took over, Zaman departed Afg. for France. He visited Alexandria, VA numerous times over the years and was known to favor the bite of fine Johnnie Walker Red scotch. When the Taliban fell from grace after 9/11, the articulate and cunning warlord returned to his homeland to reclaim his former VIP status. He was said to have influential friends w/in neighboring Pakistan, including members of the Pakistan intelligence service." He reportedly led a force of 4,000 men during the campaign to oust Afghanistan's Soviet occupiers.〔 During the initial years of the Taliban's administration of Afghanistan, some sources claim Zaman led resistance fighters from bases in Pakistan against Taliban rule.〔 In 1997, the government of Pakistan forced him to leave Pakistan. It is possible this is because the Pakistan Government was at that time itself actively supporting the Taliban as a policy of 'strategic depth' in its defence position with India. Haji Zaman spent the remaining years of the Taliban's rule of Afghanistan, (i.e. until shortly after the 9/11/01 WTC attack), in Dijon, France. Following the September 11 attacks, and subsequent confirmation that Osama Bin Laden was behind the attack, the US demanded Taliban leader Mullah Omar to turn over Bin Laden or face US invasion. Mullah Omar refused to surrender Bin Laden, so the US planned military action as described in CIA offices Gary Berntsen's Jawbreaker, and Gary Schroen's First In. Haji Zaman returned from France to Afghanistan (reportedly at the invitation of the US CIA, as a counterbalance to another Afg. warlord/partner Hazret Ali) and joined with other regional and tribal leaders from the Nangarhar and Khowst provinces to form the Eastern Shura.〔〔 In CIA officer Gary Berntsen's book, he describes Haji Zamar Ghamsharik by a cover name "Nuruddin" but it is clear he is describing Haji Zamar from Maj. Dalton's cross references. Berntsen states p. 280: "Most of Nuruddin's men were from the local Khungani tribe and many of them had been on bin Laden's payroll in recent months, hired to dig caves. One of them, Haji Nazir, later claimed to reporters that he was sent by Nuruddin into the mountains to warn al-Qaeda forces about what was coming..." This suggests that Haji Zamar was at least not keen on capturing or killing Bin Laden, while opening the possibility that he secretly supported al-Qaeda. It should be noted that Afghan warlords, per Schrone and Berntsen, were shifting loyalty frequently (depending on who was winning and/or paying out bigger bribes). Berntsen commented, pg. 290 "I also knew that as far as our Eastern Alliance allies were concerned, they would be happy to take our money and let al-Qaeda slip away". Many of these foot soldiers of Haji Zamar, per Berntsen, pg 275, were "followers of local religious leader Maulawi Mohammad Younus Khalis, who had instructed them to allow al-Qaeda to escape". (It is no surprise Khalis took such a position, since he was the one who in 1996 originally hosted Osama Bin Laden when Bin Laden arrived from Sudan, ie prior to Bin Laden's moving to Mullah Omar's Taliban protection). 〕 The Eastern Shura, of which Haji Zaman was a key member, were early backers of the first post-Taliban President Hamid Karzai. Karzai later appointed Haji Mohammad Zaman Ghamsharik as deputy Chief of Police for Nangarhar Province.〔 〕 Haji Mohammed Zaman Ghamsharik was killed on 22 February 2010 in a suicide bombing, while addressing refugees in Khogyani District, Nangarhar Province.〔 〕 ==References== 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mohammed Zaman」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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